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Firestopping Terms
What is …?
ablation
Ablation is the process of self regulation heat and
mass transfer in which incident thermal energy is expended by
sacrificial loss of material.
char (noun)
Char is a grayish black, crusty material formed by
burning organic type sealants.
classification
Classification is a series of procedures, usually
administered by an independent testing laboratory, by which the consumer
is protected and assured that the product which was tested is the same
as the product purchased.
closed system
A closed system is a piping system which is sealed,
typically carrying fluids under pressure, such as hot and cold water
distribution. The exact definition on a closed pipe system is determined
by the local authority having jurisdiction. For instance,
electrical conduit in a vertical orientation through a roof installation
may be considered a vented system and the same conduit in a horizontal
orientation or penetrating through a floor may be considered closed.
cohesion
Cohesion is the molecular attraction that holds the
body of a sealant or adhesive together. Cohesion is the internal
strength of an adhesive or sealant.
endothermic
An endothermic process or change is one that takes
place with absorption of heat and requires high temperature for
initiation and maintenance.
exothermic
An exothermic process or change is one that takes
place with emission of heat.
F rating
A firestop shall be considered as meeting the
requirements of an F rating when it remains in the opening during the
fire test and hose stream test within the following limitations: The
firestop shall have withstood the fire test for the rating period
without permitting the passage of flame through openings, or the
occurrence of flaming on any element of the unexposed side of the
firestop. During the hose stream test, the firestop shall not
develop any opening that would permit a projection of water from the
stream beyond the unexposed side.
fire endurance
Fire endurance is a measure of the elapsed time
during which a material or assembly continues to exhibit fire resistance
under specified conditions of test and performance. As applied to
elements of buildings, it shall be measured by the methods and the
criteria defined in ASTM E 119 Fire Tests of Building Construction and
Materials, ASTM E 152 Fire Tests of Door Assemblies, and ASTM E 163 Fire
Tests of Window Assemblies.
fire
rated or fire resistance
A system which has been tested in accordance with the
appropriate ASTM test standard and has met the mechanical and endurance
requirements of that standard is fire rated or displays fire resistance
properties; the property of a material or assembly to withstand
fire or give protection from it; furthermore, as applied to elements of
buildings, it is characterized by the ability to confine a fire or to
continue to perform a given structural function, or both. Such
testing is conducted by a nationally recognized laboratory which rates
the system for 1, 2, 3, or 4 hours, based on the results of the fire
test.
fire
resistance classification
Fire resistance classification is a standard of fire
resistance and protective characteristics of a building construction or
assembly.
firestop
A through-penetration firestop is a specific
construction consisting of all materials that fill the opening around
penetrating items such as cables, cable trays, conduits, ducts, and
pipes and their means of support through the wall or floor to prevent
spread of fire.
fire test standard
Fire test standards are procedures intended to
measure and describe the response of materials, products, and systems to
sources of heat or flame under controlled conditions. These tests are
intended to provide information useful for such purposes as product
development, quality control, and specification description. They are
not intended to be used alone to provide a measure of the fire hazard of
materials, products, or systems. One or more fire test standards,
however, may be used as part of a fire hazard standard. Fire test
standards are separate and distinct from fire hazard standards which are
used to describe, measure, assess, or control the behavior of materials,
products, and systems in the relevant environment.
intumesce
To intumesce is to swell, enlarge, inflate or expand,
as with heat; intumescent sealants swell to close gaps or voids in
through-penetration openings when exposed to high heat conditions.
L rating
Air leakage test rating is L rating, as defined
in the UL "Fire Resistance Directory". The L rating criteria
determines the amount of air leakage, in cubic feet per minute per
square foot of opening (CFM/sq ft), through the firestop system at
ambient and/or 400°F air temperatures at an air pressure differential
of 0.30 in. W.C. The L ratings are intended to assist authorities
having jurisdiction, and others, in determining the suitability of
firestop systems for the protection on penetrations and miscellaneous
openings in floors and smoke barriers for the purpose of restricting the
movement of smoke in accordance with the National Fire Protection
Association Life Safety Code, NFPA 101.
MSDS
MSDS is the Material Safety Data Sheet, a regulatory
document describing the health and safety aspects of a material as it
pertains to its properties, health effects, hazards, handling, and
disposal.
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